July 23 is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 161 days remain until the end of the year.
1253- Jews are expelled from Vienne, France by order of Pope Innocent IV 1298 - Rindfleisch ('Beef') Persecutions Jewish community in Wurzburg, Germany massacred 1579 Francis Drake departs San Francisco to cross the Pacific Ocean 1632 Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France 1726 Benjamin Franklin sails back to Philadelphia 1745 Charles Edward Stuart, 'the Young Pretender' or Bonnie Prince Charlie, lands at Eriskay Island, Hebrides beginning the final Jacobite Rebellion 1777 King Louis XVI of France and his Foreign Minister clandestinely agree to supply the United States with munitions during the American Revolution 1793 - Twelve years before Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific, Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie finishes a North American cross-continental trip in what will be Canada. Mackenzie will lay the groundwork for Britain's settlement of Canada and future continent- spanning expeditions further south.
1827 First US swimming school opens in Boston, Massachusetts 1829 William Austin Burt patents America's first typewriter, the typographer 1833 Cornerstones are laid for the construction of the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux signed by Sioux Indians and U.S.
1866 Cincinnati Baseball club (Red Stockings) forms 1872 African American inventor Elijah McCoy is granted a patent for lubricators for steam engines 1877 First telephone and telegraph line in Hawaii is completed 1885 – Ulysses Grant former president and Army general, dies of throat cancer 1888 John Boyd Dunlop applies for a patent for the pneumatic tire 1904 Ice cream cone is created during the St. Louis World's Fair, reputedly first by Charles E. Menches 1906 Pogroms against Jews in Odessa, Russia 1913 Arabs attack Jewish community of Rechovot, Palestine 1929 The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words 1929 The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words 1961 American opera singer Grace Bumbry becomes the first Black singer to perform at the Bayreuth Festival in Germany, earning 42 curtain calls 1965 The Beatles' single 'Help' is released in the UK